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The
nature of matter
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In 1910 Ernst Rutherford
beamed alpha particles at thin gold foil
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thin gold foil like tissue
paper
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alpha particles like bullets
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Some alpha particles bounced
back!
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Rutherford concluded that
there must be very dense things in the foil somewhere
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Neils Bohr worked out a model
of the Hydrogen atom shortly thereafter
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one proton at the center
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one electron orbiting in
certain
allowed orbits
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Quantum mechanics
predicts the positions of these orbits
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Emission line: electron jumps
to lower orbit
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Falling in gives up energy
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Absorption line: electron
jumps to a higher orbit
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climbing out takes energy
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Analogous processes in other
atoms and molecules
Rutherford's
experiement
Model
of atom
Model
of electron orbits
Photon
Absorption and Emission
Term
diagrams for Hydrogen and Sodium
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